The Middle East Essay - 1021 Words

The middle east is a land stained with the blood of innocence and plagued with instability. Most history books will claim that the instability has been growing since the late 1970’s and some state its stemmed from bad blood between tribes that has been cultivating for thousands of years. But could the foundations on which the house of history stands be built upon grains of sand? Have western nations played a larger part in the rapid growth of conflict in the middle east? â€Å"Christianity and western civilisation, what countless crimes have been committed in thy name?† - Ngugi Wa Thiong’o Many of the current conflicts are the cause of territorial dispute which can be directly linked to the resolution of WW1. â€Å"Everything changed with the†¦show more content†¦This incited a mass body count between both Palestinians and the people of the newly formed Israel. Through the unthoughtful declaration of invasion and redistribution of land its undeniable that western states have played a role in causing much of the distrust and civil unrest we see in the middle east today. Fast forwarding from the Sykes-Picot to the period after the Second World War. The West had imposed not only fake borders on the region, but also brought various leaders, such as King King Faisal in Iraq, Farouk in Egypt, and the Shah of Iran. As Tarek Fatah (Pakistani born writer currently living in Canada) noted, the CIA coup in Iran added gasoline to an already out of control fire that is extreme Islamism and brought about a new breed of terrorism. The West single handedly created the Saudi state while the Brits also supported its nascent rulers. One author states â€Å"support for these family regimes has been a part of US policy for decades.† The West also played a part in establishing all the Gulf Monarchies. As Owen Jones notes in The Guardian â€Å"the west’s relationship with Middle Eastern dictatorships that have played a pernicious role in the rise of Islamist fundamentalist terrorism. And no wonder: the west is militarily, economically and diplomaticall y allied with these often brutal regimes, and our media all too often reflects the foreign policy objectives of our governments.† Every regime in the Middle East is a creatureShow MoreRelatedMiddle East Essay720 Words   |  3 Pagesreading, we cover various topic about the history of the Middle-East, and its complexity as it relates to the contemporary crises in which destabilizing the Greater Middle-East. To be frank, I believe there are two majors issues destabilizing the Middle-East: (1) the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) and (2) a future nuclear-arm Islamic Iran. It worthy of noting that the intricacy of the Middle East did not start with ISIS, arguably so, the Middle-East was always a chaotic place. After the rise of ISISRead More Middle East Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pages The Middle East has always been in conflict, from biblical times, to the crusades, and on through modern times. Since around 1900, the conflict has primarily been between two groups, Jews and Ara bs. During this time, the British occupied the land and under their control the conflict remained minimal. But within months of their departure, and the division of the land between Israel and the surrounding Arab nations, war broke out. The Arabs were unhappy with the UNs divisions of the land, and inRead More Middle East Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pages The Middle Eastern culture has many different nationalities within their population including Arabians, Iranians, Iraqis, Pakistanians, Egyptians, Saudi Arabians, and many more. The most common religion found in the Middle East is Muslim. However not every Middle Easterner is Muslim, there are also other religions just as in any country such as Christian and Jewish. There are more than seven million Muslims living in America and over 1.5 billion worldwide. Many Middle Eastern Muslims who are conservativeRead MoreMiddle East Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesJaimin Patel History 181: Intro to the Middle East Professor Ghazvinian September 21, 2017 Imagine you are travelling through the Middle East in the 1930s. Which nations or states would you describe as â€Å"most likely to succeed† and which would you describe as least likely? Why? I think traveling through the Middle East in the 1930 would be quite interesting because I would love to see how the people of the Middle East reacted to the mandate system implemented in 1920. I think Turkey would be oneRead MoreEssay On The Middle East1014 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle East Position Paper There are people all around the world whose homes are being destroyed every day. They need our help because they have nothing left. The Middle East has a lot of problems today because of the terrorism in their countries. People that are being displaced need homes in other countries. The situations that these people have to live in are unbearable and are so bad that people cannot live in. It is our responsibility to help others in need because if that were us we wouldRead MoreDemocracy in The Middle East Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesThe imposing of liberal democracy into foreign states and in particular into the Middle East would not necessarily create peace due to their cultural and geographical context. From a westernised perspective we may heavily associate the nature of democracy with peace but the history of international relations and theory has continue to show that this is definitely not the case. The Democratic Peace Theory itself contains weakness and vulnerabilities due to its reliance on ‘casual logic’ (Layne 1994Read More Women in the Middle East Essay2309 Words   |  10 PagesIn the book, Women in the Middle East, a Saudi Arabian proverb states, A girl possesses nothing but a veil and a tomb (Harik and Marston 83). The key words, veil and tomb lend evidence to the fact that many Middle Eastern women lack identity symbolized by the â€Å"veil† and lack the right of ownership except for their veil and the tomb. This statement further enforces the notion that many women in the Middle East are expected to serve and tolerate the oppression of the men in their lives throughoutRead More Women in the Middle East Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in the Middle East Women’s rights in the Middle East have always been a controversial issue. Although the rights of women have changed over the years, they have never really been equal to the rights of a man. This poses a threat on Iran because women have very limited options when it comes to labor, marriage and other aspects of their culture. I believe that equal treatment for women and men is a fundamental principal of international human rights standards. Yet, in some places like IranRead MoreMiddle East Conflict Essay859 Words   |  4 Pagesarea known as the Middle East since shifts in global power over the years have affected the topography. Now, however, the region can expansively be said to contain â€Å"the area from Libya E to Afghanistan, usually including Egypt, Sudan, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the other countries of the Arabian peninsula† (dictionary.com). This geographical definition can be said to contain both the ‘Near E ast’, ‘Middle East’, and even farther to the East and into AfricaRead MoreThe Middle East And Africa Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesThe Middle East and Africa Construction spending in the Middle East and Africa increased by 3.8% in 2014, and total construction spending in this region will increase at a compound annual rate of 3.7% through to 2017 (IHS 2013). The South African government has committed to spending US$109.74 billion on infrastructure development through to 2015, including the construction of power plants, transportation network expansion and upgrades, and new water and sanitation systems. A lack of infrastructure

The Rights Of The Child - 1186 Words

Children are given rights through the Convention of the Rights of the Child. In these rights, are rights that only children have. There are over 42 rights assigned to children alone. Among these rights are topics such as survival and development, drug use, free expression, the child’s best interest, and violence. This essay discusses two books, which examine these rights and the ways they are influenced. Survival and Development is a right given in the Convention of the Rights of the Child. To Ishmael in A Long Way Gone, this played a large role in his struggle during the war. When he and his friends are running from village to village, the boys find themselves hungry and without food. When they try to get food some villages, they are sometimes unsuccessful and have to steal to get food just to survive. This is much different in Bakan’s book, Childhood Under Siege, where he looks at the increase of obesity and diabetes among children in the United States. Bakan believes that children are particularly the victims of this increase due to the decrease in regulations on product marketing. In the U.S. junk food and sugar are not the only causes for children’s health issues. Other big companies are impacting children’s health through their impact on the environment. Bakan addresses the increase in childhood asthma and cancer, he believes this is due to the environmenta l toxins emitted from these big corporations. According to Bakan, these corporations fail to think includeShow MoreRelatedRights of the Child1178 Words   |  5 PagesCONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was brought into effect to recognise that Children needed their own set of specific human rights that should be protected and that these were a universal right not a privilege. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was drawn up and accepted by the UN in 1989. The UK government agreed to abide by the principles in 1991 and it was fully implemented in 1992. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is the mostRead MoreChild Labor And Child Rights884 Words   |  4 Pages Child Slavery Up until the 13th amendment, owning a slave had been just like owning any other piece of property. No one felt guilty about how the slaves were being mistreated. The 13th amendment was the first step in ending slavery in the United States, but no steps were taken to end slavery in other countries. Even though people believe that slavery no longer exists today, about 5.5 million children are still held captive in slavery (Anti- Slavery International 2012). Child slavery can come inRead MoreChild Abuse And The Rights Of A Child2061 Words   |  9 Pagesthis essay, child abuse will be defined as any acts of harm, ill-treatment, neglect or deprivation of a young person in Aotearoa, New Zealand. These acts are defined only as abuse if they risk the childs wellbeing and survival. Child abuse is an offence as it violates the governments responsibility to protect the rights of a child. UNICEF (2003) identifies New Zealand as holding the third highest number of child maltreatment related d eaths amongst ‘rich’ nations. The rights of a child have been breachedRead MoreThe Convention On The Rights Of The Child837 Words   |  4 PagesThe Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is based on the legal systems and cultural traditions variety constitute a set of standards and obligations universally agreed and not subject to negotiation. And clarify these standards - also called human rights - set minimum entitlements and freedoms that governments must respect, and one based on respect for the dignity of the individual and the same, without any kind of discrimination, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, opinion, originRead MoreViolation of Child Rights1704 Words   |  7 PagesViolation of Child Rights Introduction First of all, if we want to talk about violation of child rights we have to define child rights, what they are, and to whom they are intended.†A child is any human being below the age of eighteen years, unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. , World leaders in 1989 decided that children needed a special convention, because children often need special care and protection that adults do not. The leaders also wanted toRead MoreThe Convention of the Rights of the Child 2218 Words   |  9 PagesConvention on the Rights of the Child as, ‘that living document that enshrines the rights of every child without exception to a life of dignity and self-fulfillment’† (Hodgkin Newell, 2007). Yet, while we came to recognize the significance and impact which CRC policy would have, there has been continual issues regarding its successful implementation, even in a country like Canada. Within the context of this essay, Article 2, 3, 4, and 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child will be assessedRead MoreEssay on Child Development: The Right Child Care1081 Words   |  5 PagesChild development can be greatly impacted through choosing the right child care. As a parent, you want to make certain that your infant and/or child feels (is) safe and content in an environment of child care that is not only enjoyable and fostering, yet educational as well. Therefore, trying to find the ideal child care setting for your six month old infant can seem rather challenging at times. With that being said, the longer that a parent and/or parents can delay the placement in child care followingRead MoreChildren s Rights : Violation Of Child Rights1444 Words   |  6 PagesHow Children’s Rights Are Violated in Poor Villages in India: Violation of Child Rights in the Movie â€Å"Slumdog Millionaire† Children are nation’s most vulnerable group in terms of protecting their rights. The United Nations Children’s Fund (2014b) declares that â€Å"millions of children† globally experience the worst kinds of violations on rights and â€Å"millions more†¦, are inadequately protected against them† (para. 1). Hence, the United Nations General Assembly have implemented The Universal DeclarationRead MoreThe Un Convention On The Rights Of The Child Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesThe UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, illuminates the essential rights that all children have. According to the Convention, each child has the privilege of education, it is the state s obligation to guarantee that essential education is free and necessary, to allow distinctive types of secondary training, including general and professional training and to make them open to each child and to make advanced education accessible (United Nations, 1990). But as indicated by UNICEF, a n expectedRead MoreFighting for the Rights of Child Laborers810 Words   |  3 Pages The rights of child laborers during the american industrial revolution were very limited, and there responsibilities were overwhelming. The factories that children worked in were very dangerous; the fumes produced could be toxic, and the equipment often ran so fast that little hands, fingers, and arms could easily be caught in the machinery. Also, since the children had such small arms, hands, and fingers, a lot of times they were made responsible for fixing the machines, most especially young

The Gatewood Caper Matthew Watson Essay Example For Students

The Gatewood Caper Matthew Watson Essay The Gatewood Caper is an exciting detective story by American author Dashiell Hammett. It was written and is set during the 1920s in California, on the west coast of the U. S. A. It centres around a rich entrepreneur whose daughter is kidnapped and a 50,000 dollar ransom is placed on her by her captors. The main character, an anonymous detective cleverly solves the mystery by revealing that in fact Gatewoods daughter has arranged her own kidnapping to free herself from her fathers oppression. The plot of this piece is just as relevant now as it would have been in the 1920s: there is still a very real threat for many wealthy families of the kidnapping of their offspring nowadays. Much is made in the national press about the cost of personal security to protect the families of the rich and famous. Hammett enthralls the reader by maintaining curiosity, a lively pace and suspense levels throughout The Gatewood Caper by moving through the plot quickly with snippets of information, by his use of desperation in the dialogue between the main characters, by referring to the potential dangers of this type of situation and by changing the scene often. Intrigue is inbuilt to the plot. From the outset we understand how difficult it is to glean useful and workable information about the circumstances of the kidnapping from the frantic, boorish and domineering father, he wanted results, it seemed, and not questions, and so I wasted nearly an hour getting information that he could have given me in fifteen minutes. The dialogue between the detective and Harvey Gatewood is also important to the style of the piece. Ive never been clubbed into doing anything in my life! And Im too old to start now! characterises Mr Gatewoods way of working. He does not accept professional advice easily and therefore life has not been made easy for the detective or for the reader. Another way that Hammett puts excitement into the story is by having little unnecessary scene setting. He does this in the first few chapters by laying down the plot for the whole story: quickly introducing the client and the case and by using several short sentences in a row. The author is particularly successful at building tension as he conjures scenes of fast moving action especially at the crucial point where the ransom is to be dropped off. The characters must quickly devise a plan in this fraught situation to entrap or identify the captors. All four detectives and undercover police working on the job are put into place along the dimly lit streets and alleyways to shadow each other. At several points, people enter the scene and our suspicions are immediately aroused but they appear to be red herrings devised to build more tension and drama. The captor finally appears in the guise of a woman to lift the ransom and quickly disappears again, . scuttled to the black mouth of an alley.

Role and Significance of Training and Development for Company

Question: Discuss about theRole and Significance of Training and Development for Company. Answer: Training and development is the important element of the management function. Several companies see training and development as a basic element of the management plan. Training and development ensure continuous ability advancement of representatives working in the organization and habituates procedure for learning for creating information to work. This essay describes the role of organizational training and development in management. The study also explains the importance of training and development within the organization. The main aim of preparing this essay is to evaluate the information, provides types of approaches to training and development, goals of training and development in the organization, the hypothesis for training and findings of the discussion. According to Armstrong Taylor (2014), training and development is the creation which is concerned with company movement which main focus is to enhance the employees execution in the organization. Training and development include learning and instructing the employee to accomplish a remark in things being done any other way. Manager clarifies that training is a procedure which is considered to motivate the employees in order to achieve the stated objectives and this process enables the employees to perform in an effective way in the organization. Training is conducted for employees to improve their performance level and to make the representatives strategically unique, and also improve their aptitudes, learning, and attitudes anticipated that would accomplish operational effectiveness. Training and advancement demonstrate an essential chance to expand the information base of all employees, however, various organizations discover the opportunity expensive. In spite of the potential dr awbacks, training and development provide both the company as a complete and the people with favorable conditions that make cost and time an advantageous speculation. According to Beier Kanfer (2010), the major points which show the importance of organizational training and development is explained as follows is addressing weakness which states that the majority of representatives consist weakness in their office capabilities. A training program permits the organization to encourage individual capabilities which every representative must to develop. An advancement program passes on all employees to a greater amount so they all have same capacities and learning. This decreases weak connections inside the company who depend strongly on others to complete basic work assignments. Giving the basic training makes a general proficient staff with operators who can acknowledge control for each unique as required, work on teams or work independently without reliable help and supervision from others (Brown Harvey, 2011). According to Burke Noumair (2015), the second factor which shows the importance of training and development is improved employee performance which means that a representative who perceives the essential training is more capable to execute his or her job. He or she should know about the safety exercises and a suitable process for the genuine job. Training may establish the representatives self-confidence because he or she has the capability to understand their roles and responsibilities in the organization. This help may enforce employee to perform in a desirable manner and implement new ideas or plans in the organization. Providing training continuously to the employee also enable the business to perform well for the development of the industry. An employee of the organization who is capable and has the ability to take the business on the top of industry principles and also maintain the position as a pioneer and powerful rival in the business is only possible by giving proper traini ng and development to employees in the organization. The third point of importance is persistency which refers that a prepared training and development program affirms that employees will have enough involvement and learning to manage the issues occurs within the organization. According to Niazi (2011), the consistency is specifically relevant for the organizations fundamental policies and process. Each representative should be known about the prospects and process within the company. This involves security, gender inequality, and management duties. Putting all representatives through continuous training and development in these parts confirms that all employees at least have revelation to the information. According to Owoyemi et al. (2011), there are some approaches to training and development that enables the employees to perform well and in an effective manner. A first approach is a traditional approach which is also known as reactionary, driven by strategic conveyance of specialized aptitudes in blocks, classrooms preparing and where training is ignored as an occasion situated exercise. The second way to deal with training and advancement is a proactive approach. Proactive approach in the learning organizations adjusts every learning exercise to the corporate business methodology, and is focused is on making skills. The third way to deal with training and improvement is an active attention approach which assumes a significant part in learning by developing issues and situational problems under the heading of their facilitator. The trainees learn by asking provocative request, looking for answers, and translating distinctive recognitions made during the methodology. The dynamic lear ning approach has its persevering impact on learning since it helps in long term support and findings reliable learning is fundamental to advance. Individuals need to make sense of how to win in life and at work. Company need to ensure their employees continue adapting, so they can remain mindful of extended business requests in this way the organization can maintain competitive benefits. According to Saks et al. (2010), various practices are used in diverse organizations and in different industries. Thus, a requirement of training and development programs is depend upon the demand of the job description. However, it consists several kinds of methods used by the organization in the training and development. Kinds of training and development provided to employees are on-the-job training and off-the-job training methods. The points include in on the job and off the job training is as follows: Worker Development Programs are planned to cater particular goals, that add to mutually agents and also, authoritative viability. There are a couple of stages in the process of management improvement. These incorporate investigating organization objectives, surveying the affiliation's available administration assets, deciding individual needs, arranging and executing advancement plans and examining the suitability of these activities and evaluating the effects of getting ready on individuals nature of work environment.. The discussion of the significance of training and development states three major factors (Salas et al., 2012). The first factor states that training and development enable theorganization to identify the training and development requirements. Directors are relied upon to examine training and improvement need with each of their staff at any rate yearly as a component of the Performance Review and Planning process. The second factor is the internal training and improve ment sessions which arranges training for staff on all campuses sites and can set up particular sessions to address distinguished issues for a division or segment gathering of offices or occupational group. Registering Services also directs a continuous program of courses for staff and other association segments and offices offer instructional meetings for staff as necessities emerge. The third factor is outer preparing and advancement supported staff going to outside courses every once in a while the association may choose to send staff to particular outside courses. Contingent on the idea of the course and the time periods, selections might be looked for by the Director Training and Development from fitting administrators. According to Zwikael Unger-Aviram (2010), training and development objectives in an organizational development gives a sorts of training and development objectives recognized will depend upon the individual and hierarchical objectives perceived through the strategic planning process and the agreed examination procedure. In any event, the objectives may, as a base standard, assess the accompanying, for example, mission, values, key objectives, rise to circumstance arrangements, and expert development in the association. The speculation of the training and advancement in a hierarchical advancement help the company from various perspectives, for example, it enhances profitability, adequacy, and productivity of the taxpayer driven organization by improvement and enhances aptitudes, abilities, and capability of agents. It also empowers the workers to build up their learnings, abilities, and aptitudes with the goal that they may become more qualified by remembering the business goals and objectives and to perform errands of their present employment and progress to more capable positions. Training and development give for the development of supervisors able for executing and making feasible administration frameworks for the accomplishment of each State office's objectives and destinations. According to Phillips Phillips (2016), the examination of training and development research reveals that human resource part is to develop and execute an abnormal state structure for vital training and improvement. The planned strategy of training and development specifically advertise organizational objectives and points in order to expanding company execution. The findings emerged as an outcome because of the review are talking about as organizations should focus on consistently learning and occupation training, the manager must be involved with approach decisions for training and advancement, great training should offer opportunities for employees to develop and worker execution is increased through competitive advantage. From the above essay, it has been concluded that training and development play an important part in the management functions of a business. This essay explains the role and importance of organizational training and development. The study explains the several points of training and development which includes types of approaches, different types of training in the company, goals of training and development in an organizational development and the outcomes of the training and development analysis. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Beier, M. E., Kanfer, R. (2010). Motivation in training and development: A phase perspective.Learning, training, and development in organizations, 65-97. Beier, M. E., Kanfer, R. (2010). Motivation in training and development: A phase perspective.Learning, training, and development in organizations, 65-97. Brown, D. R., Harvey, D. F. (2011). An experiential approach to organization development. Burke, W. W., Noumair, D. A. (2015).Organization development: A process of learning and changing. FT Press. Niazi, B. R. A. S. (2011). Training and development strategy and its role in organizational performance.Journal of public Administration and Governance,1(2), 42-57. Owoyemi, O. A., Oyelere, M., Elegbede, T., Gbajumo-Sheriff, M. (2011). Enhancing employees' commitment to the organisation through training. International Journal of Business and Management,6(7), 280. Phillips, J. J., Phillips, P. P. (2016).Handbook of training evaluation and measurement methods. Routledge. Saks, A. M., Haccoun, R. R., Belcourt, M. (2010).Managing performance through training and development. Cengage Learning. Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S. I., Kraiger, K., Smith-Jentsch, K. A. (2012). The science of training and development in organizations: What matters in practice.Psychological science in the public interest,13(2), 74-101. Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S. I., Kraiger, K., Smith-Jentsch, K. A. (2012). The science of training and development in organizations: What matters in practice.Psychological science in the public interest,13(2), 74-101. Zwikael, O., Unger-Aviram, E. (2010). HRM in project groups: The effect of project duration on team development effectiveness.International Journal of Project Management,28(5), 413-421.

Astronomy †Distance in The Stars and The Solar System

Astronomy – Distance in The Stars and The Solar System Free Online Research Papers Astronomy Distance in The Stars and The Solar System ***All italic words are located at the bottom accompanied by their definitions*** The Solar System The solar system consists of the Sun, nine planets, sixty-eight satellites (of the planets), large numbers of comets and asteroids, and the interplanetary medium. All the planets orbit in the same counter-clockwise direction looking down from above the Sun’s north pole or in a prograde direction. All except for Venus and Uranus, whose rotations are defined as retrograde. The nine planets are classified in several ways: By composition: Terrestrial or rocky planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars: The terrestrial planets are composed mostly of rock and metal and have relatively high densities, slow rotation, solid surfaces, no rings and very few satellites. o Jovian or gas planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune: ? The gas planets are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, and generally have low densities, rapid rotation, deep atmospheres, rings and lots of satellites. By size: o Small planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and Pluto. ? The small planets have diameters less than 13000 km. o Giant planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. ? The giant planets have diameters greater than 48000 km. o Mercury and Pluto are sometimes referred to as lesser planets (not to be confused with minor planets which is the official term for asteroids). o The giant planets are sometimes also referred to as gas giants. By position relative to the Sun: o Inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. o Outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. o The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter forms the boundary between the inner solar system and the outer solar system. By position relative to Earth: o Inferior planets: Mercury and Venus. ? They are closer to the Sun compared to the Earth. ? The inferior planets show phases like the Moons when viewed from Earth. o superior planets: Mars thru Pluto. ? farther from the Sun than Earth. ? The superior planets always appear full or nearly so. By History: o classical planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. ? known since pre-historical times ? visible to the unaided eye o modern planets: Uranus, Neptune, Pluto. ? discovered in modern times ? visible only with telescopes Stars: Are huge spherical masses of gas that began radiating energy because of nuclear reactions occurring deep within their interiors They differ in size, shape, luminosity, temperature, and composition Distance To Stars: First measured by Friedrich Bessel in 1838, method called Trigonometric Parallax As the earth moves around the sun, a star relatively nearby will appear to shift its position in the sky relative to more distant stars. By measuring these minute angular shifts, the distance of a star can be determined trigonometrically. Half of the total apparent shift of the star with respect to the background is called the star’s trigonometric parallax. It follows that the parallax of a star is the angle formed t the star by the triangle formed between the star and each end of the radius of the earth’s orbit. Glossary: Jovian planets: The planets with orbits beyond that of Mars: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Parallax: The apparent change in position of a star relative to the distant, background stars as seen from the Earth at opposite points in its orbit around the sun. Prograde: Counterclockwise, when viewed from north of the ecliptic, rotation of a celestial body around its axis. Retrograde motion: The motion of a planet from west to east among the stars over a lengthy period of time. It is when the earth overtakes another planet as they both orbit the sun. Star: A celestial body made up of hot gases held together by its own gravity and emitting light and heat resulting from its internal nuclear reactions. Our Sun is a typical star. Terrestrial planets: The planets with orbits within the orbit of Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The Distance To A Star Tan( 1 ) = 93 000 000 Miles 9000 X X= 4.8 x 10 A.U.= Astronomical Unit= 150 million Kilometres = 93 million Miles 1 minute= 1 1 second= 1 60 3600 A= 0.4 seconds = 1 9000 Research Papers on Astronomy - Distance in The Stars and The Solar SystemThe Spring and AutumnWhere Wild and West MeetThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductResearch Process Part One

All About the Ancient Roman Family

All About the Ancient Roman Family The Roman family was called familia, from which the Latin word family is derived. The familia could include the triad with which we are familiar, two parents and children (biological or adopted), as well as slaves and grandparents. The head of the family (referred to as the pater familias) was in charge of even adult males in the familia. See Jane F. Gardners Family and Familia in Roman Law and Life reviewed by Richard Saller in The American Historical Review, Vol. 105, No. 1. (Feb. 2000), pp. 260-261. Purposes of the Roman Family The Roman family was the basic institution of the Roman people. The Roman family transmitted morality and social status across generations. The family educated its own young. The family tended its own hearth, while the hearth goddess, Vesta, was tended by state priestess called Vestal Virgins. The family needed to continue so that dead ancestors could be honored by their descendants and connections made for political purposes. When this failed to be motive enough, Augustus Caesar offered financial incentives to families to breed. Marriage The wife of the pater familias (the mater familias) might have been considered part of her husbands family or part of her natal family, depending on the conventions of the marriage. Marriages in Ancient Rome could be in manu in the hand or sine manu without the hand. In the former case, the wife became part of her husbands family; in the latter, she remained tied to her family of origin. Divorce and Emancipation When we think of divorce, emancipation, and adoption, we usually think in terms of ending relationships between families. Rome was different. Inter-familial alliances were essential for garnering the support needed for political ends. Divorces could be granted so that partners could remarry into other families to establish new connections, but the family connections established via first marriages need not be broken. Emancipated sons were still entitled to shares of paternal estates. Adoption Adoption also brought families together and allowed continuity to families that would otherwise have no one to carry on the family name. In the unusual case of Claudius Pulcher, adoption into a plebeian family, led by a man younger than himself, allowed Claudius (now using the plebeian name Clodius) to run for election as tribune of the plebs. For information on the adoption of freedmen, see The Adoption of Roman Freedmen, by Jane F. Gardner. Phoenix, Vol. 43, No. 3. (Autumn, 1989), pp. 236-257. Familia vs. Domus In legal terms, familia included all those under the power of the pater familias; sometimes it meant only the slaves. The pater familias was usually the oldest male. His heirs were under his power, as were the slaves, but not necessarily his wife. A boy without a mother or children could be a pater familias. In non-legal terms, the mother/wife could be included in the familia, although the term usually used for this unit was domus, which we translate as home. See Familia, Domus, and the Roman Conception of the Family, by Richard P. Saller. Phoenix, Vol. 38, No. 4. (Winter, 1984), pp. 336-355. Household and Family Religion in Antiquity, edited by John Bodel and Saul M. Olyan Meaning of Domus Domus referred to the physical house, the household, including the wife, ancestors, and descendants. The domus referred to the places where the pater familias exerted his authority or acted as dominus. Domus was also used for the dynasty of the Roman emperor. Domus and familia were often interchangeable. Pater Familias vs. Pater or Parent While pater familias is usually understood as head of the family, it had the primary legal meaning of estate owner. The word itself was usually used in legal contexts and required only that the person be able to possess property. The terms usually used to denote parenting were parens parent, pater father, and mater mother. See Pater Familias, Mater Familias, and the Gendered Semantics of the Roman Household, by Richard P. Saller. Classical Philology, Vol. 94, No. 2. (Apr. 1999), pp. 182-197.

Business law coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business law coursework - Essay Example Lord Kenyon held: â€Å"There are many situations in life, and particularly in the commercial world, where a man cannot by any diligence inform whom he deals; in which cases he must apply to those whose sources of intelligence enable them to give that information. If no injury is occasioned by that lie, it is not actionable; but if it be attended with a damage, it then becomes the subject of an action. It is admitted that Defendant’s conduct was highly immoral, and detrimental to society. And I am of opinion that the action is maintainable on the grounds of deceit in Defendant, and injury and loss to Plaintiff.†1 The next steps in proving the existence of tort of deceit is the fact that the claimant relied on the provided information and this caused loss to him. Even though it seems that Peter’s situation fits under these regulations, there is one big â€Å"On the other hand†: â€Å"in an action for deceit, it is not enough to establish misrepresentation alone; Fraud is established where it is proved that a false statement is made: (a) knowingly; or (b) without belief in its truth; or (c) recklessly, careless as to whether it be true or false.† 2 This is the House of Lords’ ruling in the case of Derry v Peek (1888). Breach of duty occurs in the situation when the defendant owed a duty of care and his actions were lower than the reasonable standard. Smith and Keenan (2010, p.464) state that the test of a reasonable man should be applied to individuals â€Å"who have held themselves out as possessing a particular skill†3 as to average specialist in that domain. For example, as in Peter’s case, Bumble&Co – recommending themselves as a company which conducts financial analysis – were expected to act as an average accountant. By providing a financial statement of poor quality, Bumble&Co actually provided misinformation to the shareholders. The company ignored its duty of care, established by objective standards, and provided false information. It accepted to